The Promise of the Dietary Supplement :: Research Science Diet Essays

The Promise of the Dietary Supplement Fat Busters, Fat Trappers, Fat Magnets and Fat Absorbers all share one ‘miraculous’ operator practically speaking †chitosan. For what reason is this enhancement extremely popular in today’s weight reduction showcase? Will chitosan satisfy its touted potential? The dietary enhancement, chitosan is the handled, more water-dissolvable type of one of the most widely recognized substances in nature: chitin (KITE-in). The exoskeletons of arthropods (ants, shellfish, and so on.) and the dividers of numerous molds, yeast and organisms contain this structure square of nature. Chitosan was first found in 1811 by Henri Braconnot, executive of the greenhouse in Nancy, France. Bracannot saw that a specific substance (chitin) found in mushrooms didn't break up in sulfuric corrosive. In the course of the most recent 200 years, the investigation of chitosan has taken on a wide range of structures. A few different specialists keep on expanding on the first finding of Bracannot, finding new uses for chitin as they find various types of it in nature. Chitosan helps in the â€Å"reduction of triglycerides because of its capacity to tie dietary lipids, accordingly decreasing intestinal lipid absorption† (Koide, 1998). Interpretation? Fundamentally, chitin atoms can lock on to overwhelming metals, amino acids and FAT. Chitin might have the option to ‘soak up’ fat in the digestive tract and flush it through the body before it very well may be consumed. In the event that viable, this procedure should prompt weight decrease. Kill fat, in this manner causing weight reduction Diminish cholesterol Give a sheltered and regular health improvement plan with insignificant/no symptoms As indicated by Sally Squires, in the March 28, 2000 issue of The Washington Post, a few components including chitosan ought to be considered before purchasing chitosan-based items: 1) The structure of chitin can differ contingent upon the seawater, the creature from which it is taken, and the season. There is no ‘pure form’ that can be relied on. 2) Following the Dietary Supplement Health and Nutrition Act in 1994, the FDA has a restricted capacity to control nutrients, minerals and other dietary enhancements (for example chitosan). It is, in this way, conceivable to stock shevles brimming with an item without giving related logical proof. 3) The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) won a $8.3 million judgment against an organization disregarding government customer security laws with bogus cases concerning chitin. 4) The FTC claim is the first of a few extra (non FTC) suits for bogus cases with respect to chitin and chitosan, including a claim documented by both Napa and Sonoma regions in California.

Essay about The Leadership

Exposition about The Leadership Exposition about The Leadership LEEDS METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Personnel OF BUSINESS and LAW COURSEWORK MODULE TITLE: Innovation and Change 2012-13: Semester Two TITLE OF ASSESSMENT: Assignment (First Sit) Focuses: CRN 7066 nearby; CRN 13375 eBABM; CRN 15653 Bhopal; CRN 4020 HK MKT5; CRN 3044 HKFT; CRN 7352 HK PT4. COURSES: eBABM; BBHRM;BHBMT;BUSST;BAMKT Cutoff time DATE FOR SUBMISSION BY STUDENTS: 4 pm 14 May 2013. Accommodation LOCATION: On-line by means of Turnitin. ASSESSOR(S): Dr P. Tie (Module Leader) and group mentors Notes for Students: Evaluation is one bit of individual coursework. This is a 3500 word task (give or take 5 percent barring Bibliography, spread substance and tables). The task ought to be completely upheld by fitting references utilizing the Harvard framework. Input (individual and conventional) will be posted on X-Stream no later than three weeks after accommodation. Your task titles for Semester Two 2012-13 conveyance of ‘Innovation and Change’ are: Fundamentally assess the case that administrations have a critical task to carry out in advancing development Or on the other hand What exactly degree do you concur with the case that little to medium measured undertakings (SMEs) are in every case greater at developing than bigger associations? Where conceivable and suitable, use models and outlines to show and bolster your examination. Your task ought to be completely upheld with references drawn from the suggested perusing (see beneath) and different sources. Maintain a strategic distance from too distinct a methodology †the accentuation ought to be on examination and contention. A task dependent on address notes/slides is probably not going to be fruitful. Your task will be submitted on line and looked over Turnitin for unoriginality. If you don't mind note the accompanying focuses: You can join reference sections (excluded from word tally) Just material up to as far as possible will be evaluated Your task must apply bits of knowledge from the module and your perusing to investigate whether advancement can be ‘planned for’ LEEDS METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Personnel OF BUSINESS and LAW Evaluation Rationale/Marking Scheme/Assessment Criteria MODULE TITLE: Innovation and Change - 2012-13: Semester Two Structure AND TITLE OF ASSESSMENT: Innovation and Change Assignment ASSESSORS: Dr P. Tie (Module Leader) - Evaluation Rationale Connection Module Objectives/Learning Outcomes and exhibit how the proposed assessment(s) meet these goals. The evaluation joins with the learning results by empowering understudies to draw together the center issues tended to in the module and to investigate what we mean by ‘innovation’ and how it can advanced and implanted in an association. The Learning Objectives are: Comprehend the essentialness and significance of advancement and change corresponding to business endeavors and the idea of the drivers of progress Fundamentally evaluate hypotheses, instruments and methods suitable to the administration of development and change. Oversee advancement in changing situations to support business improvement. Assess the national and worldwide conditions, hindrances and atmosphere for development and change. The appraisal expects understudies to address each of the four results sketched out above. Great understudies will be separated through their capacity to show information and comprehension of key hypothetical points of view on development and change and the interior and outer components forming and affecting advancement. Nonexclusive FEEDBACK RUBRIC (TO BE POSTED ON TURNITIN) | FAIL | THIRD |LOWER

How to Recognize the Signs That Someone Is Lying

How to Recognize the Signs That Someone Is Lying Theories Social Psychology Print How to Recognize the Signs That Someone Is Lying By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on November 27, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on November 27, 2019 JAG IMAGES / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Lying and deception are common human behaviors. Until relatively recently, there has been little actual research into just how often people lie. Some surveys have suggested that as many as 96% of people admit to lying at least sometimes. One national study of 1,000 U.S. adults found that 60% of respondents claimed that they did not lie at all.?? Instead, the researchers found that about half of all lies were told by just 5% of all the subjects. The study suggests that while prevalence rates may vary, there likely exists a small group of very prolific liars. The reality is that most  people lie from time to time. Some of these lies are little white lies intended to protect someone else’s feelings (“No, that shirt does not make you look fat!”). In other cases, these lies can be much more serious (like lying on a resume) or even sinister (covering up a crime).? Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin Lying Can Be Hard to Detect People are surprisingly bad at detecting lies. One study, for example, found that people were only able to accurately detect lying 54% of the time in a lab settingâ€"hardly impressive considering a 50% hit rate purely by chance alone.?? Other studies have shown that even trained investigators are remarkably poor at telling if someone is lying or telling the truth. Clearly, behavioral differences between honest and lying individuals are difficult to discriminate and measure. Researchers have attempted to uncover different ways of detecting lies. While there may not be a simple, tell-tale sign that  someone is dishonest  (like Pinocchio’s nose), researchers have found a few helpful indicators.? Like many things, though, detecting a lie often comes down to one thingâ€"trusting your instincts. By knowing what signs might accurately detect a lie and learning how to heed your own gut reactions, you may be able to become better at spotting falsehoods. Signs of Lying Psychologists have utilized research on body language and deception to help members of law enforcement distinguish between the truth and lies. Researchers at UCLA conducted studies on the subject in addition to analyzing 60 studies on deception in order to develop recommendations and training for law enforcement.?? The results of their research were published in the American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry. Red Flags That Someone May Be Lying A few of the potential red flags the researchers identified that might indicate that people are deceptive include:Being vague; offering few detailsRepeating questions before answering themSpeaking in sentence fragmentsFailing to provide specific details when a story is challengedGrooming behaviors such as playing with hair or pressing fingers to lips Lead researcher R. Edward Geiselman suggests that while detecting deception is never easy, quality training can improve a persons ability to detect lies: Without training, many people think they can detect deception, but their perceptions are unrelated to their actual ability. Quick, inadequate training sessions lead people to over-analyze and to do worse than if they go with their gut reactions. Tips for Identifying Lying If you suspect that someone might not be telling the truth, there are a few strategies you can use that might help distinguish fact from fiction. Dont Rely on Body Language Alone When it comes to detecting lies, people often focus on body language “tells,” or subtle physical and behavioral signs that reveal deception. While body language cues can sometimes hint at deception, research suggests that many of the most expected behaviors are not strongly associated with lying. Researcher Howard Ehrlichman, a psychologist who has been studying eye movements since the 1970s, has found that eye movements do not signify lying at all. In fact, he suggests that shifting eyes mean that a person is thinking, or more precisely, that he or she is accessing their long-term memory.?? Other studies have shown that while individual signals and behaviors are useful indicators of deception, some of the ones most often linked to lying (such as eye movements) are among the worst predictors. So while body language can be a useful tool in the detection of lies, the key is to understand which signals to pay attention to. Focus On the Right Signals One meta-analysis found that while people do often rely on valid cues for detecting lies, the problem might lie with the weakness of these cues as deception indicators in the first place.?? Some of the most accurate deception cues that people do pay attention to include: Being vague: If the speaker seems to intentionally leave out important details, it might be because they are lying.Vocal uncertainty: If the person seems unsure or insecure, they are more likely to be perceived as lying.Indifference: Shrugging, lack of expression, and a bored posture can be signs of lying since the person is trying to avoid conveying emotions and possible tells.Overthinking: If the individual seems to be thinking too hard to fill in the details of the story, it might be because they are deceiving you. The lesson here is that while body language may be helpful, it is important to pay attention to the right signals. Experts suggest that relying too heavily on such signals may impair the ability to detect lies. Ask Them to Tell Their Story in Reverse Lie detection is often seen as a passive process. People often assume that they can just observe the potential liar’s body language and facial expressions to spot obvious “tells.” While research has shown that this is a pretty bad way to detect lies, taking a more active approach to uncovering lies can yield better results.? Research suggests that asking people to report their stories in reverse order rather than chronological order can increase the accuracy of lie detection.?? Verbal and non-verbal cues that distinguish between lying and truth-telling may become more apparent as cognitive load increases. Lying is more mentally taxing than telling the truth. If you add even more cognitive complexity, behavioral cues may become more apparent. Not only is telling a lie more cognitively demanding, but liars typically exert much more mental energy toward monitoring their behaviors and evaluating the responses of others. They are concerned with their credibility and ensuring that other people believe their stories. All this takes a considerable amount of effort, so if you throw in a difficult task (like relating their story in reverse order), cracks in the story and behavioral tells might become easier to spot. In one study, 80 mock suspects either told the truth or lied about a staged event. Some of the individuals were asked to report their stories in reverse order while others simply told their stories in chronological order. The researchers found that the reverse order interviews revealed more behavioral clues to deception. In a second experiment, 55 police officers watched taped interviews from the first experiment and were asked to determine who was lying and who was not. The investigation revealed that law enforcement officers were better at detecting lies in the reverse order interviews than they were in the chronological interviews. Trust Your Instincts According to the results one study, your immediate gut reactions might be more accurate than any conscious lie detection you might attempt. In the study, researchers had 72 participants watch videos of interviews with mock crime suspects.?? Some of these suspects had stolen a $100 bill from off a bookshelf while others had not, yet all of the suspects were told to tell the interviewer that they had not taken the money. Similar to previous studies, the participants were pretty bad at detecting lies, only accurately identifying the liars 43% of the time and the truth-tellers 48% of the time. But the researchers also utilized implicit behavioral reaction time tests to assess the participants more automatic and unconscious responses to the suspects. What they discovered was that the subjects were more likely to unconsciously associate words like dishonest and deceitful with the suspects that were actually lying. They were also more likely to implicitly associate words like valid and honest with the truth-tellers. The results suggest that people may have an unconscious, intuitive idea about whether someone is lying. So if our gut reactions might be more accurate, why are people not better at identifying dishonesty? Conscious responses might interfere with our automatic associations. Instead of relying on our instincts, people focus on the stereotypical behaviors that they often associate with lying such as fidgeting and lack of eye contact. Overemphasizing behaviors that unreliably predict deceptions makes it more difficult to distinguish between truth and lies. A Word From Verywell The reality is that there is no universal, sure-fire sign that someone is lying. All of the signs, behaviors, and indicators that researchers have linked to lying are simply clues that might reveal whether a person is being forthright. Next time you are trying to gauge the veracity of an individuals story, stop looking at the clichéd “lying signs” and learn how to spot more subtle behaviors that might be linked to deception. When necessary, take a more active approach by adding pressure and make telling the lie more mentally taxing by asking the speaker to relate the story in reverse order. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, trust your instincts. You might have a great intuitive sense  of honesty versus dishonesty. Learn to heed those gut feelings.

How to Recognize the Signs That Someone Is Lying

How to Recognize the Signs That Someone Is Lying Theories Social Psychology Print How to Recognize the Signs That Someone Is Lying By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on November 27, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on November 27, 2019 JAG IMAGES / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Lying and deception are common human behaviors. Until relatively recently, there has been little actual research into just how often people lie. Some surveys have suggested that as many as 96% of people admit to lying at least sometimes. One national study of 1,000 U.S. adults found that 60% of respondents claimed that they did not lie at all.?? Instead, the researchers found that about half of all lies were told by just 5% of all the subjects. The study suggests that while prevalence rates may vary, there likely exists a small group of very prolific liars. The reality is that most  people lie from time to time. Some of these lies are little white lies intended to protect someone else’s feelings (“No, that shirt does not make you look fat!”). In other cases, these lies can be much more serious (like lying on a resume) or even sinister (covering up a crime).? Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin Lying Can Be Hard to Detect People are surprisingly bad at detecting lies. One study, for example, found that people were only able to accurately detect lying 54% of the time in a lab settingâ€"hardly impressive considering a 50% hit rate purely by chance alone.?? Other studies have shown that even trained investigators are remarkably poor at telling if someone is lying or telling the truth. Clearly, behavioral differences between honest and lying individuals are difficult to discriminate and measure. Researchers have attempted to uncover different ways of detecting lies. While there may not be a simple, tell-tale sign that  someone is dishonest  (like Pinocchio’s nose), researchers have found a few helpful indicators.? Like many things, though, detecting a lie often comes down to one thingâ€"trusting your instincts. By knowing what signs might accurately detect a lie and learning how to heed your own gut reactions, you may be able to become better at spotting falsehoods. Signs of Lying Psychologists have utilized research on body language and deception to help members of law enforcement distinguish between the truth and lies. Researchers at UCLA conducted studies on the subject in addition to analyzing 60 studies on deception in order to develop recommendations and training for law enforcement.?? The results of their research were published in the American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry. Red Flags That Someone May Be Lying A few of the potential red flags the researchers identified that might indicate that people are deceptive include:Being vague; offering few detailsRepeating questions before answering themSpeaking in sentence fragmentsFailing to provide specific details when a story is challengedGrooming behaviors such as playing with hair or pressing fingers to lips Lead researcher R. Edward Geiselman suggests that while detecting deception is never easy, quality training can improve a persons ability to detect lies: Without training, many people think they can detect deception, but their perceptions are unrelated to their actual ability. Quick, inadequate training sessions lead people to over-analyze and to do worse than if they go with their gut reactions. Tips for Identifying Lying If you suspect that someone might not be telling the truth, there are a few strategies you can use that might help distinguish fact from fiction. Dont Rely on Body Language Alone When it comes to detecting lies, people often focus on body language “tells,” or subtle physical and behavioral signs that reveal deception. While body language cues can sometimes hint at deception, research suggests that many of the most expected behaviors are not strongly associated with lying. Researcher Howard Ehrlichman, a psychologist who has been studying eye movements since the 1970s, has found that eye movements do not signify lying at all. In fact, he suggests that shifting eyes mean that a person is thinking, or more precisely, that he or she is accessing their long-term memory.?? Other studies have shown that while individual signals and behaviors are useful indicators of deception, some of the ones most often linked to lying (such as eye movements) are among the worst predictors. So while body language can be a useful tool in the detection of lies, the key is to understand which signals to pay attention to. Focus On the Right Signals One meta-analysis found that while people do often rely on valid cues for detecting lies, the problem might lie with the weakness of these cues as deception indicators in the first place.?? Some of the most accurate deception cues that people do pay attention to include: Being vague: If the speaker seems to intentionally leave out important details, it might be because they are lying.Vocal uncertainty: If the person seems unsure or insecure, they are more likely to be perceived as lying.Indifference: Shrugging, lack of expression, and a bored posture can be signs of lying since the person is trying to avoid conveying emotions and possible tells.Overthinking: If the individual seems to be thinking too hard to fill in the details of the story, it might be because they are deceiving you. The lesson here is that while body language may be helpful, it is important to pay attention to the right signals. Experts suggest that relying too heavily on such signals may impair the ability to detect lies. Ask Them to Tell Their Story in Reverse Lie detection is often seen as a passive process. People often assume that they can just observe the potential liar’s body language and facial expressions to spot obvious “tells.” While research has shown that this is a pretty bad way to detect lies, taking a more active approach to uncovering lies can yield better results.? Research suggests that asking people to report their stories in reverse order rather than chronological order can increase the accuracy of lie detection.?? Verbal and non-verbal cues that distinguish between lying and truth-telling may become more apparent as cognitive load increases. Lying is more mentally taxing than telling the truth. If you add even more cognitive complexity, behavioral cues may become more apparent. Not only is telling a lie more cognitively demanding, but liars typically exert much more mental energy toward monitoring their behaviors and evaluating the responses of others. They are concerned with their credibility and ensuring that other people believe their stories. All this takes a considerable amount of effort, so if you throw in a difficult task (like relating their story in reverse order), cracks in the story and behavioral tells might become easier to spot. In one study, 80 mock suspects either told the truth or lied about a staged event. Some of the individuals were asked to report their stories in reverse order while others simply told their stories in chronological order. The researchers found that the reverse order interviews revealed more behavioral clues to deception. In a second experiment, 55 police officers watched taped interviews from the first experiment and were asked to determine who was lying and who was not. The investigation revealed that law enforcement officers were better at detecting lies in the reverse order interviews than they were in the chronological interviews. Trust Your Instincts According to the results one study, your immediate gut reactions might be more accurate than any conscious lie detection you might attempt. In the study, researchers had 72 participants watch videos of interviews with mock crime suspects.?? Some of these suspects had stolen a $100 bill from off a bookshelf while others had not, yet all of the suspects were told to tell the interviewer that they had not taken the money. Similar to previous studies, the participants were pretty bad at detecting lies, only accurately identifying the liars 43% of the time and the truth-tellers 48% of the time. But the researchers also utilized implicit behavioral reaction time tests to assess the participants more automatic and unconscious responses to the suspects. What they discovered was that the subjects were more likely to unconsciously associate words like dishonest and deceitful with the suspects that were actually lying. They were also more likely to implicitly associate words like valid and honest with the truth-tellers. The results suggest that people may have an unconscious, intuitive idea about whether someone is lying. So if our gut reactions might be more accurate, why are people not better at identifying dishonesty? Conscious responses might interfere with our automatic associations. Instead of relying on our instincts, people focus on the stereotypical behaviors that they often associate with lying such as fidgeting and lack of eye contact. Overemphasizing behaviors that unreliably predict deceptions makes it more difficult to distinguish between truth and lies. A Word From Verywell The reality is that there is no universal, sure-fire sign that someone is lying. All of the signs, behaviors, and indicators that researchers have linked to lying are simply clues that might reveal whether a person is being forthright. Next time you are trying to gauge the veracity of an individuals story, stop looking at the clichéd “lying signs” and learn how to spot more subtle behaviors that might be linked to deception. When necessary, take a more active approach by adding pressure and make telling the lie more mentally taxing by asking the speaker to relate the story in reverse order. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, trust your instincts. You might have a great intuitive sense  of honesty versus dishonesty. Learn to heed those gut feelings.

Family Upbringing As A Child And Personality Traits

When you are born, the first people you encounter in life are your parents and family. They introduce you to the world and welcome you into the environment in which you will spend the first chapter of your life. Your family teaches you just about everything in the early days like how to walk and talk, how to treat others, as well as how to interpret the world around you. Once you have formed your own identities and reached adolescence, you possess certain traits and behaviors that make you unique from your peers. As a child, one is unaware of the influence their family and environment have on them and are unable to recognize the impact of their behaviors. As an adult it may be useful to look back at your upbringing and learn why and how you have developed into the character you are today. This study seeks to explore the connections between family upbringing as a child and personality traits as an adult. How does parental involvement, parenting style, family dynamic, and childhood env ironment relate to a person’s personality? Can connections be made between specific upbringing environments and adult personality traits? There are many researchers who have studied the importance of early parent-child relations and believed that behavior as an adult can be attributed to childhood upbringing. Diana Baumrind, Sigmund Freud, John Bowlby, and Harry Harlow have all emphasized the importance of the relationship between parent and child. Diana Baumrind researched the importance ofShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Heredity And Its Effect On Children s Development1443 Words   |  6 Pages and peers all influence one’s growth. First of all, since a child is almost consistently surrounded by family (especially at a young age), his or her parents can shape one’s foundations. These include belief systems, traditions, and perspectives about society. Children are inclined to agree with a parent’s opinion when they trust them, but also even if they fear tha t disagreeing with them will bring consequences. Secondly, as a child becomes introduced to his or her peers, he or she may also desireRead MoreNature Or Nurture Influences Individual Violent Behavior1609 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences or upbringing also known as nurture. Others feel that violent behavior is more complex and results from individual’s genetic character or nature. In other words, it is not clear whether violent behavior is inborn or occurs at some point in persons’ lives, but even it’s hard, emphasizing one and ignoring other influences is always an unwise way to go. â€Å"Trying to separate out nature and nurture as explanations for behavior, as in classic genetic studies of twins and families, is now saidRead MoreThe Nurture Versus Nature Debate1743 Words   |  7 Pagesexamination of social processes by which intelligence and personality traits are attributed to others is seen as the only relevant issue in personality study. As shared environment has been shown to have a certain impact on personality and intelligence, affirming that  « children are not empty canvases on which parents can paint their dreams  » (Judith Harris, 1998) is not legitimate. However, the second school of thought claims that personality and ability appear to have a distinct relationship withRead MoreEssay about Upbringing vs. Success Rate1088 Words   |  5 PagesUpbringing vs. Success Rate Malcolm Gladwell emphasizes the importance of the relationship between success and a person’s upbringing in Chapters 3 and 4, â€Å"The Trouble with Geniuses, Parts 1 and 2† of â€Å"Outliers.† This book attempts to help people understand what true success is, the value of it, and how the few people that actually achieve it get there. Gladwell’s theories helped me to realize that success is simply reaching your full potential in life by taking advantage of every gift and opportunityRead MoreWhat Makes A Person A Serial Killer? Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent then regular people? While the cause is still a mystery today, many people argue over many different theories which come down to the nature vs. nurture question. Are serial killers born the way there are or are they a product of their upbringing? Many people have proposed theories as to why a person becomes a serial killer. One theory that has been stressed was the diathesis-stress model, this says that all serial killers have a tendency to act a certain way due to environmental factorsRead MoreHow Parents Sexual Orientation Can Have An Impact On Their Children s Lives980 Words   |  4 Pages but also cautiously examine the children in each group of families. They concluded that investigators should be aware of the results before concluding what influence parental sexual orientation had on children’s gender development, due to the lack of clarity in the field. Goldberg Kashy Smith (2012) stated that some lesbian mothers contribute in many ways when it comes to fostering masculine traits in their sons and feminine traits in their daughters. Altogether, Goldberg Kashy Smith (2012)Read More Nature vs. Nurture: Leaning Towards the Nurture Theory Essay2121 Words   |  9 Pagesway children think and behave, or is i t due to the way a child is nurtured? Scientists and psychologists have been debating the subject of nature versus nurture for decades. The term â€Å"nature† refers to heredity, or the genetic traits passed down from parent to child (Powell, 2010). Researchers all over the world attempt to prove that genetics is the sole explanation of a child’s intelligence and personality. Human DNA determines traits such as eye color, nose shape, and hair color. While a child’sRead MoreBeliefs, Morals, and Values1053 Words   |  5 Pagesor not believing in something. Why do we believe what we believe? These beliefs are etched in our minds in childhood by the motivation family, church, and other organizations that can essentially be changed through the course of our lifetime by our own thoughts and interpretations. Values are the taking of those beliefs we hold true inside, by exhibiting traits in how we conduct ourselves personally and professionally. It is of greater concern of what is the most important to you whether it isRead MoreHow Nature And Nurture Affect Human Development1203 Words   |  5 Pagesinheritance and this then influences individual on their development and learning. Another thing that influences individuals is behaviour and this is because of family, culture and religion etc. This is because some family/religion has restriction towards certain types of things which therefore it is to be followed in a correct manner of upbringing. So nature does play an important role as part of the human development. This is because nature itself holds responsibility for the growth of each individualRead MoreChild Rearing Practice Among Filipino Family by Zaira de Leon1107 Words   |  5 PagesREMEDIOS TRINIDAD ROMUALDEZ MEDICAL FOUNDATION FINAL PAPER FOR PSYCHIATRY MED- I CHILD REARING PRACTICE AMONG FILIPINO FAMILY SUBMITTED BY: ZAIRA NINA T. DE LEON MEDICINE- I Child rearing practices vary from culture to culture, influenced by a myriad of factors that include environment, education, income, family structure, religion and many others. Trends in childrearing differ even among people of the same culture in different

Holden Caulfields Mental Condition in The Catcher in the...

Where do the ducks go during the Winter when the water is frozen? In The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, the character, Holden Caulfield, has an underlying mental condition. He failed out of four schools; he saw his friend commit suicide; and his younger brother died of cancer. These life-changing experiences paved the way for Holden’s insecure and unstable life. By his narration, Holden hints at his disorder throughout the book without fully explaining his condition. Holden’s many insecurities, his teetering on the edge of childhood and adulthood, and his irrational ideas help the reader realize that Holden has a mental problem. Holden has several insecurities that are displayed throughout the book that hint at his condition.†¦show more content†¦Holden’s date with Sally Hayes exhibited his difficulty at cooperating with others. At first he gives us a dire impression of Sally, â€Å"I wasn’t too crazy about her, but I’d known her for years.† (p. 105) Later, he wants to marry Sally and says he is in love with her. The biggest mystery of all when it comes to women is with Jane Gallagher. Constantly mentioning Jane, Holden recalls playing checkers with her before he got sent to boarding school. When his roommate, Stradlater, has a date with Jane, Holden asks him a peculiar question, â€Å"Did you ask her if she still keeps all her kings in the back row?† (p. 42) Holden, jealous of Stradlater’s date with Jane, longs to see Jane but never has the courage to call her. Interactions with other people especially women perplex and overwhelm Holden. He therefore resorts to isolation, illustrating a characteristic of his mental state. In the course of the story, Holden is suspended between adulthood and childhood. Several of his actions and words show evidence of his confusion between adults and children. Admitting to his immaturity, Holden says, â€Å"I was sixteen then, and I’m seventeen no w, and sometimes I act like I’m about thirteen.† (p. 9) Sunny, the prostitute is an example of Holden’s attempt to be an adult, but realizing he is stuck in childhood. Another example is when he asks his cab driver where the ducks in Central Park go during the Winter when the ice isShow MoreRelatedTheme Analysis of Alienation in Books the Catcher in the Rye and 19841390 Words   |  6 Pagesin its modern form with Marx. For Marx Alienation is a Condition occurring in pre-Socialist societies, where the human Nature of man is made other than; alienate what man is really capable of being? The novels the Catcher in the Rye and 1984 Present Characters who’s Inability To conform to the norms of their Society Results in their Alienation. Alienation is a feeling of not belonging. This feeling can be physical, mental, Religious, spiritual, psychological, political, socialRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye500 Words   |  2 Pagesnovel The Catcher in the Rye, the protagonist Holden Caulfield has strange behavioral tendencies. The main character, Holden, suffers from mental illness after suffering from everything he has gone through. His mental illness is triggered from depression after his brother, Allie, had passed away. Depression can be caused by many different things including a loss or death, which is what Holden goes through in â€Å"Catcher in the Rye,† a novel written by J.D Salinger. The protagonist; Holden CaulfieldRead MoreComparative Study of Death of a Salesman and The Catcher in the Rye1981 Words   |  8 Pagesindividuality and distinctiveness ultimately leads to conformity and deep feelings of failure.’ Good Morning/Afternoon, and welcome to this literary seminar at Hunters Hill High. My name is Obi Williams and I have prepared a speech on the Human Condition, its relevance in Post WW2, and how it is presented through Post WW2 literature. This time was a period of immense social transformation, as during the war, unemployment had ended and the economy had greatly expanded which meant the end of the

I Honors, Mccormack / Ecker - 1080 Words

Friday, March 11, 2016 Tiffany Soto Philosophy I Honors, McCormack/Ecker Period 3 Papal Paper On April 19th, 2005, when the wisps of white smoke puffed from the chimney of Sistine Chapel, the Roman Catholic Church had their first German Pope since the 11th century. Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, known as Benedict the XVI, is the two hundred and sixty-sixth Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger was elevated to the papacy on April 19th the year 2005, due to the death of the beloved Pope John Paul the II. He is also the oldest to become Pope, since Pope Clement XII in 1730. Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger celebrated his Papal Inauguration Mass five days after being announced as the â€Å"new† Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. â€Å"Pope Benedict the XVI was very well known for his rigid views on Catholicism and topics such as birth control and homosexuality.† (Bio.com. AE Networks Television). Pope Benedict XVI renewed the position of the Roman Catholic Church against the use of birth control and contraception. The position is part of the panoply of Catholic pro-life teachings that also include opposition to abortion, euthanasia and bioethical practices, such as human cloning or embryonic research. Pope Benedict’s comments came on the fortieth anniversary of the encyclical, which originally announced the comprehensive teaching. Pope Benedict called the original encyclical An important document which addresses one of the essential aspects of the marital vocation

Malaria Disease Free Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss the different strategies for reducing the incidence and prevalence of malaria in the global population. Is there any vaccination for treatment? Answer: Introduction Malaria is amosquito carried disease which is sourced through a parasite known as Plasmodium, it spreads through the gnaw of contaminated mosquitoes. This parasite multiplies itself in the liver of human body, and after that contaminates the red blood cells (Collins, 2012). Vomiting fever and headache are some of the common symptoms of malaria and typically become visible between 10 - 15 days after the bite of the mosquito. Malaria can rapidly turn life threatening and interrupt the blood supply to imperative organs, if it is not treated on time. It is a fact that in several countries of the world, this parasite has built resistance to many of medicines that are developed for malaria (Nadjm, 2012). Some of the key intrusions to have power over this disease comprise - and indoor insecticide spraying, timely and effectual action with artemisinin based healing and utilization of mosquito nets. The most recent estimations, that were released in 2014, point out that there were approx 197 million cases of malaria in the year 2013 and an estimation of 584 000 deaths. But, the good news is that the mortality rates have descended by 47% globally since the year 2000. It should be noted that majority of deaths happen of children residing in Africa, in Africa one kid passes away each minute because of malaria (WHO, 2014). Discussion Strategies that need to be followed for reducing the occurrence and pervasiveness of malaria in the global World - Malaria can be avoided among travelers by taking chemoprophylaxis. Chemoprophylaxis restrains the blood stage of malaria virus, thus avoiding malaria. In addition to this, a discontinuous deterrent healing with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for expecting women who live in soaring diffusion areas is recommended (Baird, 2013). Likewise, for newborns that live in soaring diffusion areas, 3 dosages of discontinuous deterrent healing with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is suggested delivered in conjunction with regular immunizations. Recurring Malaria Chemoprevention as added malaria deterrence strategy soaring diffusion areas of Africa (Abeku, 2007). This strategy engrosses the supervision of monthly programs of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine to all kids under the age of 5 all through the soaring diffusion season (Reiter, 1999). In order to make sure a judicious and synchronized worldwide answer to the danger of insecticide confrontation, WHO has taken effort along a broad array of shareholders to build up a plan, which promotes a five-pillar strategy for dipping the occurrence and incidence of malaria in the global population (Vaughan, 2008). The 5 pillars of this strategy are 1. Chart and apply insecticide confrontation organization policies in countries where malaria has become widespread2. Make sure accurate and appropriate resistance and entomological supervising, and effectual data organization3. Build up innovative and new vector direct devices4. Plug gaps in information on apparatus of insecticide confrontation and the crash of present insecticide confrontation organization advances; and5. Make sure that facilitating devices are in position. Even though development has been made in the past ten years in the direction of budding malaria vaccines, there is at present no efficient malaria vaccine in the marketplace. References Abeku, T., 2007.Response to malaria epidemics in Africa.Available on https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/13/5/06-1333_article. Retrievedon [8 March2015]. Baird, J., 2013.Evidence and implications of mortality associated with acute Plasmodium vivaxmalaria. Available on https://cmr.asm.org/content/26/1/36. Retrievedon [8 March2015]. Collins, W., 2012. Plasmodium knowlesi: A malaria parasite of monkeys and humans.Available on https://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/199/8/1107.Retrievedon [8 March2015]. "Factsheet on the World Malaria Report 2014". World Health Orgnization. 2014. Retrievedon [8 March2015]. Nadjm, B., 2012. Malaria: An update for physicians. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America26(2): 24359. Reiter, P., 1999.From Shakespeare to Defoe: malaria in England in the Little Ice Age. Available on https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10653562. Retrievedon [8 March2015]. Vaughan, A., 2008.Malaria parasite pre-erythrocytic stage infection: Gliding and hiding. Available on https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/abstract/S1931-3128(08)00266-7?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1931312808002667%3Fshowall%3Dtrue. Retrievedon [8 March2015].

The Science Of Food Essays - Occupations, Chef, Food And Drink

The Science Of Food Head Chef In large establishments the duties of the head chef or person in charge are mainly administrative, only in smaller establishments would it be necessary for the headchef to be engaged in the handling of food. However although the production kitchen could be considered a small establishment, for the purpose of learning, the headchef is only involved in administrative duties to experience how the role would be performed in a larger commercial kitchen. Normally the headchef in a restaurant is concerned with duties such as organising the kitchen, engaging the staff, supervising the kitchen and be responsible for the stillroom, washing up of crockery and be responsible for the stores. In the long term purchase of equipment would also be duty of the headchef. This differs slightly in the training kitchen where most emphasis is put on the headchefs ability to engage, supervise and delegate to their peers. The lecturer usually compiles the menu in advance, however the headchef is responsible for allocating the class or staff to different sections of the kitchen. The Menu The menu is a three course table d'hote menu offering three courses with two or three choices in each section. There are three starters, three main courses served with vegetables and potatoes, and two sweets. Tea and coffee are also served but are prepared by the restaurant staff in the still room. The Kitchen sections are: Pastry Section All sweets and pastries are made by the pastry cooks. The headchef usually appoints two people to this section, depending on the number of people available and the difficulty of the deserts to be prepared. Some examples of deserts prepared in this years class include Pear Belle Helene, Diplomate Pudding, Chocolate Praline Brouille, Butterscotch tart, Baked Rice Pudding and Almond Cake served with Orange Compote. The pastry section is a small department slightly seperated from the rest of the kitchen. Vegtable Section All the vegtables are prepared and cooked by the two people allocated to this section. Sometimes the garnishes for the other dishes are also prepared by this section. In some kitchens the Farinaceous dishes will also be cooked by this party. Examples of potatoes prepared by the kitchen are Arlie potatoes, Duchess potatoes, Baked potatoes with cheese and chive, and examples of vegtables include Creamed spinach, Ratatouille, Glazed Turnips and Colconnon. Main Course All the main courses are prepared by this section and it usually comprises of a meat, fish and poultry dish with one person appointed to preparing each dish. examples of main course dishes prepared in the training kitchen include Escalope of turkey Cordon bleu, Roast fillet of Beef dubarry, Roast Loin of Pork and plum sauce, Braised beef olive nepolitean and Supreme of Duckling Bigarade. Starters section There are usually three starters on the training restaurant menu usually to include a soup and a salad. There is usually one person working on each starter. Examples of starters include Smoked fishcakes, consomme Julienne, Egg Croquettes, Minestrone, Smoked Chicken and Avacado Salad and Chicken Tartlets. Sous chef In a commercial kitchen the second chef or sous chef relieves the head chef when the latter is off duty and is generally the chefs right hand. In larger kitchens there may be several sous chefs each with specific responsibities for seperate services such as banquets and grillrooms. In the training or production kitchen the main function of the sous chef is to supervise the work in the kitchen so it all runs smoothly and according to the chefs wishes. they may also be required to assisst any section which may be falling behind schedule. Supervising Certain leadership qualities are needed to enable the headchef or supervisor to carry out his her role effectively. These qualities include the ability to communicate, coordinate, motivate, inspire, make decisions and organise. The supervisor must be considerate, understanding, consistent and respectful to all members of staff and in return he/she can expect loyalty respect and cooperation. Elements of Supervision Forecasting Planning Organising Commanding Co ordinating Controlling A good head chef is able to obtain the best from those he/she has responsibility and can also completely satisfy the management of the establishment that a good job is being done. The job of the kitchen supervisor/ headchef is essentially to be an overseer. In the Industry they

History of Ice Cream

History of Ice Cream The origins of ice cream can be traced back to at least the 4th century BCE. Early references include the Roman emperor Nero (37-68 CE) who ordered ice to be brought from the mountains and combined with fruit toppings, and King Tang (618-97 CE) of Shang, China who had a method of creating ice and milk concoctions. Ice cream was likely brought from China back to Europe. Over time, recipes for ices, sherbets, and milk ices evolved and served in the fashionable Italian and French royal courts. After the dessert was imported to the United States, it was served by several famous Americans. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson served it to their guests. In 1700, Governor Bladen of Maryland was recorded as having served it to his guests. In 1774, a London caterer named Philip Lenzi announced in a New York newspaper that he would be offering for sale various confections, including ice cream. Dolly Madison served it in 1812. First Ice Cream Parlor in America - Origins of Name The first ice cream parlor in America opened in New York City in 1776. American colonists were the first to use the term ice cream. The name came from the phrase iced cream that was similar to iced tea. The name was later abbreviated to ice cream the name we know today. Methods and Technology Whoever invented the method of using ice mixed with salt to lower and control the temperature of ice cream ingredients during its making provided a major breakthrough in ice cream technology. Also important was the invention of the wooden bucket freezer with rotary paddles, which improved the manufacture of ice cream. Augustus Jackson, a confectioner from Philadelphia, created new recipes for making ice cream in 1832. Nancy Johnson and William Young - Hand-Cranked Freezers In 1846, Nancy Johnson patented a hand-cranked freezer that established the basic method of making ice cream still used today. William Young patented the similar Johnson Patent Ice-Cream Freezer in 1848. Jacob Fussell - Commercial Production In 1851, Jacob Fussell in Baltimore established the first large-scale commercial ice cream plant. Alfred Cralle patented an ice cream mold and scooper used to serve on February 2 1897. Mechanical Refrigeration The treat became both distributable and profitable with the introduction of mechanical refrigeration. The ice cream shop or soda fountain has since become an icon of American culture. Continuous Process Freezer Around 1926, the first commercially successful continuous process freezer for ice cream was invented by Clarence Vogt. The Ice Cream Sundae Historians argue over the originator of the ice cream sundae but three historical probabilities are the most popular Ice Cream Cones The walk-away edible cone made its American debut at the 1904 St. Louis Worlds Fair. Soft Ice Cream British chemists discovered a method of doubling the amount of air in ice cream creating soft ice cream. Eskimo Pie The idea for the Eskimo Pie bar was created by Chris Nelson, an ice cream shop owner from Onawa, Iowa. He thought up the idea in the spring of 1920 after he saw a young customer called Douglas Ressenden having difficulty choosing between ordering an ice cream sandwich and a chocolate bar. Nelson created the solution, a chocolate covered ice cream bar. The first Eskimo Pie chocolate covered ice cream bar on a stick was created in 1934.​ Originally Eskimo Pie was called the I-Scream-Bar. Between 1988 and 1991, Eskimo Pie introduced an aspartame-sweetened, chocolate-covered, frozen dairy dessert bar called the Eskimo Pie No Sugar Added Reduced Fat Ice Cream Bar. Haagen-Dazs Reuben Mattus invented Haagen-Dazs in 1960, He chose the name because it sounded Danish. DoveBar The DoveBar was invented by Leo Stefanos. Good Humor Ice Cream Bar In 1920, Harry Burt invented the Good Humor Ice Cream Bar and patented it in 1923. Burt sold his Good Humor bars from a fleet of white trucks equipped with bells and uniformed drivers.

Source Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Source Evaluation - Essay Example He has previously served the American Society for the History of Rhetoric (ASHR) in the capacity of the president. He got his PhD in Communication Studies in 2000, from the Northwestern University. This is on top of the 1997 MA in Communication Studies, from the Northwestern University. Presently, he is an Associate Professor who teaches classical rhetoric and rhetorical stylistics. The poetry work was published in 2011 in a journal referred to as Rhetorica: A journal of the History of rhetoric. The journal contains literature and related academic articles. The thesis explained by the source illustrates a comparison of two literary styles, as applicable to the Early Greek literature and also the modern literary context. Poetry is basically distinguished from the aspects of prose through the verse arrangement (Richard 304). Another distinguishing feature according to Richard is that, â€Å"prose is cast in sentences, poetry in lines† (304). Prose syntax is determined through meaning, and poetry syntax is determined by the visual characteristics of the poem. Before the nineteenth century, the concept of poetry was adequately understood as a literary aspect arranged in metrical lines. During this period, the preferred meaning of poetry entailed any literary subject that has rhythm and verses. This was due to the high influence of Aristotle. Poetry during this period was also viewed as a technical verse designation, instead of the normal illustration of rhetorical and fictive artwork (Richard 315). The source illustrates adequate examples in the literary areas of poetry and prose. The author explains that poetry is one of the earliest pre-date works on literacy. Earlier cases of poetry were composed and sustained through the oral tradition processes. Hence, poetry is the earliest category of literature. On the contrary, prose is a language category that applies natural speech and also the concept of ordinary

Investigation of Human Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Investigation of Human Disease - Essay Example Without vitamin K, the levels of these clotting factors will be significantly decreased leading to bleeding tendencies. Liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, and atrophy all lead to failure of liver to secrete bile which is necessary for fat metabolism and its absorption together with vitamin K therefore, decreasing absorption of vitamin K as well. Laboratory results are prolonged bleeding time, PT and prolonged to normal PTT, normal platelet count, decreased levels of coagulation factors except VIII, decreased thrombin time and fibrinogen levels (Guyton & Hall, 2008). Warfarin (Coumadin), an oral anticoagulant functions by antagonizing vitamin K through the enzyme epoxide reductase which blocks vitamin K to be reduced in its active form. Thus the Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors as well as the anticoagulant proteins C and S which are produced in the liver are rendered inactive. About 97% of warfarin is tightly bound to plasma protein primarily albumin. Toxicity of the dru g is dose dependent in which single intake of 10-20 mg only leads to mild intoxication. Meanwhile, chronic intake of small quantities of even 2-5 mg daily can result to considerable anticoagulation effects particularly with ingestion of interacting drugs. Likewise, superwarfarins are long acting and are utilized primarily as rodenticides can be highly potent resulting to extended adverse effects with dose as little as 1 mg. Laboratory findings are prolonged bleeding time and PT and decreased coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. The main consequence of warfarin or superwarfarin poisoning is bleeding (Olson, n.d.). VKOR (Vitamin K epoxide reductuse) can indicate dosages of warfarin and is encoded by the gene VKORC1. Vitamin K is fat-soluble and is needed as cofactor for the carboxylation of ?-carbon of the glutamic acid residues of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors namely II, VII, IX, and X. The process is a vital stage for calcium and phospholipid to bind with these protein s. Epoxide reductase and ?-glutamylcarboxylase are important enzymes for metabolism and renewal of vitamin K. Genetic mutations involving these enzymes lead to their defective functioning eventually decreasing also the function of the vitamin-K dependent clotting factors. Laboratory findings are prolonged PT aPTT, and bleeding time, and decreased factors II, VII, IX, and X. Clinical manifestations of the disorder are characterized by hemorrhages ranging from mild to severe that may be apparent at birth. Medical interventions include replacement therapy with fresh frozen plasma or PCCs (Fauci, A., et al., 2008). Patient 2: Laboratory results: Marginal low thrombin time Diagnosis: Factor V Leiden Factor V Leiden mutation is present in about up to 15% of Caucasians. Genetic mutation of glutamine to arginine substitution at 506 position results to a factor V that is resistant to cleavage by protein C. Consequently, a significant antithrombotic counter-regulatory mechanism is lost result ing to a hypercoagulable state which may predispose a patient to develop thrombus formation (Kumar, et al., 2010). APC acts to inactivate factors Va and VIIIa via activation of thrombomodulin by thrombin. Protein C attaches with thrombomodulin producing then APC. Activated protein C also attaches with protein S on surface membranes of platelets. With this, APC can now lyse activated factors V and VIII. But with factor V Leiden, factor V

Is Representative Democracy Really Democratic?

Is Representative Democracy Really Democratic? Introduction â€Å"You have two cows. All your neighbours pick someone to decide who gets the milk.† ^This running joke on Representative Democracy that captures it in one line got me thinking about Representative Democracy and the Social Justice Issue associated with it. Structure of the Paper This paper talks about Representative Democracy as the bigger ambit and concentrates on Electoral Democracy as its basic premise leading to injustice and makes Policy Recommendations by suggesting a model that makes the Policy Framing Process more inclusive, more just and more collectively as well as individually fair. My argument building starts by showing how Representative Democracy (Feature: Electoral Democracy) chooses Collective Justice over Individual Justice by following the Majority Rule and is not really representative. I would further through statistics show that in a country like India; the Collective Justice doesn’t remain Collective as the Majority isn’t real, which basically implies that the premise of majority that Democracy starts with, is in itself not adhered to. Violation of Individual Justice At its most fundamental incarnation, Representative Democracy is synonymous with Majority Rule. It’s a system of governance in which people choose their leaders by casting votes, giving rise to the usage of the term ‘Electoral Democracy.’ Theoretical-Practical Paradox: Theoretically, Electoral Democracy as a feature of Representative Democracy implies people within the country decide who will govern them. However, in reality, the existence of limited choice and the illusion of complete choice makes electoral democracy restrictive and non-representative in the truest sense. The voters have to pick their representatives from a subset of people, who are usually the ones with enough financial or political backing. This makes electoral democracy unjust, for the individual, as individuals are not really free to choose, they are only free to choose from the given choices. The Right to Rejection[i] passed by the Supreme Court of India in September’13, even though gives voters a â€Å"none of the above choice† that is the right to record disapproval of candidates, makes no provision yet to count the â€Å"rejection† votes. Therefore, this move is in reality, only symbolic and will not impact the results of the elections. The Right to Rejection, as it stands, does little to help individuals from being governed by the ones they don’t want to be governed by. Tyranny of the Collective Furthermore, where Electoral Democracy loses its representative character and violates Individual Justice in favour of Collective justice is its basic premise, the rule of the majority. In India, it has been noted there has been a declining margin of victory. The average margin of victory in a parliamentary constituency between 1962 and 2009 has decreased with time. From a 15% margin of victory in 1962, the average margin of victory has come down substantially to 9.7% in 2009, the thinnest margin since Independence with the average winning margin in parliamentary elections being 70,000 votes only. This evidence supports the claim electoral democracy isn’t really representative. The tyranny of the majority means that the will of the majority prevails over the minority. But if that is so, what is to stop a dominant group from using democracy to further entrench the oppression of minority groups? Worse yet, how will the interests of oppressed minorities ever be taken seriously if they can always be overruled by the votes of the majority? Despite Electoral Democracy sounding well in theory, there could be cases where a hostile, organized majority takes on the minority and systematically sidelines them, thus undermining the whole essence of democracy for the latter. Gujarat riots (2002 Gujarat Violence), and the way they helped create factionalism, leading to the right-wing forces to capitalize on the organized majoritys sentiment in the 2002 state elections in India is a classic example of this kind of failure. Democracy means collective self-governance among equals. If a segment of society push for the segregation and subjugation of another segment of society, then it is fundamentally undemocratic for it means undermining the ideal of collective self-rule. Slim majority still qualifies as majority and there is no bare minimum a contestant needs to get in order to be elected, he only needs to beat his competitors. In the view of its majoritarian nature, the fact that when it comes down to measuring the mood of the people, one cannot really ignore 49% of the people who voted against the selected candidate, casts a shadow over electoral democracy being fair and just. According to EB White, â€Å"Democracy is the recurrent suspicion that more than half of the people are right more than half the time.† The Actuality of Majority In the name of Collective Justice, Electoral Democracy hangs Individual Justice at the altar. Though, I understand that it is impossible to consider every opinion in the country and a choice has to be made between Individual and Collective Justice and Collective seems like the more obvious choice, I am going to further debunk Electoral Democracy by asserting that the Collective Justice in this case does not really account for a majority. Even though Electoral Democracy finds its roots in majority so as to say, it is not real majority and in fact all governments in such systems are elected by a minority of voters. Voter turnout has varied historically in India between 50-60%.[ii] So a potential winning majority of 51% of 60% of voters who turn out would imply the views of only about 30% of the nation. Additionally, according to estimates, in each Lok Sabha constituency in the country, the number of unregistered voters could be as high as 2.1 lakh.[iii] The votes can be touted as representative, but the election in itself can’t be called the same because of votes to seats ratio not being one. A party which gets 90% of national votes does not necessarily get 90% of seats, as seats depend on constituencies and their demographics. According to statistics, if we take the Congress Party for example, for every 1% share of the vote Congress garnered in 1977, it was rewarded with .9 seats. But in 1980, that changed drastically: a 1 percentage point increase in vote share was suddenly worth nearly 1.7 seats. Even very small changes in the vote share can have dramatic impacts on the number of seats won. For instance, in 1999 and 2009 the Congress Party won an almost identical share of votes (28.3 versus 28.5%, respectively but the partys seat share rose from 140 seats to nearly206 seats. What triggers this effect is how broadly spread/concentrated a partys vote share is at the level of individual constituencies. So in practice, a party may be winning only because its voter base lies in lesser populated constituencies which incidentally may be more in number than the heavily populated ones. At best, representative democracy with its focus on electoral democracy can be just for a sub group of the population at a particular point of time and not for the entire population itself. In such cases, Electoral Democracy is neither individually just nor collectively. Policy Recommendations Until an alternative model to Democracy is formulated which considers all individual opinions in the country, the violation of individual justice can be minimised by increasing the number of choices in terms of candidates available to individuals and by instituting quorums with respect to Right to Rejection, according to which when a certain percentage of population rejects the existing candidates, the polls should be held again with new candidates. Arrows impossibility theorem states that a clear order of preferences cannot be determined while adhering to mandatory principles of fair voting procedures, implying that for numerous decisions, it is impossible to aggregate individual preferences in a meaningful way. Given the difficulty in counting for the choices of all individuals in a particular country while forming the Government, collective justice, despite its demerits, is a feasible alternative, entailing the Rule of the Majority. However, what every country should strive towards is Real Majority, by increasing the voter base in the country, alongside voter turn outs by creating awareness in its populace. Another way of minimising the Tyranny of the Majority is by building Collective Intelligence. The degree to which various perspectives are included increases the collective intelligence of the whole. Mary Parker Follett understood the potential of dialogue and group process to create a larger whole within which both the individual and the collective are interdependent and in synergy, rather than opposed to one another. She wrote: The great cosmic force in the womb of humanity is latent in the group as its creative energy; that it may appear the individual must do his duty every moment. We do not get the whole power of the group unless every individual is given full value. It is the creative spontaneity of each which makes life march on irresistibly to the purposes of the whole. Our social and political organization must be such that this group life is possible. (1918) The notion that people living under a democratic government are ultimately responsible for that governments policies i.e. collective moral responsibility can be reinstated so that individuals as a part of a collective take rational decisions. What can make Representative Democracy more representative is a Right to recall an elected representative if the electorate is dissatisfied with his or her performance, instead of waiting for five years for the next election. Also, injustice that pertains to being governed by unwanted candidates can be minimised by including the voices of people in the Policy Making Process. What this would encompass is that irrespective of whether the candidate governing me is chosen by me or not, I still get to have a say in the policies I want for myself. This would take care of both cases, wherein my elected representative’s take on a certain policy is different from mine as well as when the representative isn’t the one I voted for. Thus, Electoral Democracy which proves to be a failing of Representative Democracy doesn’t become a major deterrent to actual representation in a model like Direct Democracy that deals with involvement of all individuals in Policy Planning and limits the power of the representatives. In Direct Democracy, citizens co-create government on a regular basis and not just at the time of the election. However, one must keep in mind the volatility of this form of democracy and if executed, it must be done through very small steps by letting people debate and make decisions on how to spend the government money that is allotted to their locality in the very beginning. Slowly, when this system stabilizes, more power could be given to people to debate and make decisions on issues in their town, district and so on. In cases where Direct Democracy as a model itself seems infeasible because of sheer numbers, higher citizen engagement should be encouraged and valued in examining broadly defined questions of regional or national importance through mechanisms such as Consensus Conferences (from Denmark), Planning Cells (from Germany) and Scenario Workshops. A combination of internet data and technology, big data and real time analysis can be fruitful in this regard. Portals such as Twitter[iv], Facebook, YouTube, etc. can be used to infer the general sentiment of people. Indices such as the Asian Barometer[v], Happy Barometer[vi] and projects like SPIDER[vii], HeyCrowd[viii], GovTogether[ix], VoteIQ[x], Democracy Audits, Actly[xi] should also be embraced at a large scale. Conclusion In the words of Sir Winston Churchill, â€Å"Many forms of Government have been tried, and will be tried in this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time. So till the time, a model comes which does away with Individual injustice, while maintaining Collective Justice, Democracy is our best bet and we should look at minimising the injustices perpetrated by it by experimenting with alternative models within Democracy and effective citizen engagement. Endnotes: [i] NDTV, Supreme Court gives voters right to reject all candidates in a poll, http://www.ndtv.com/article/cheat-sheet/supreme-court-gives-voters-right-to-reject-all-candidates-in-a-poll-424424, (September 27, 2013), Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [ii] International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Voter turnout data for India, http://www.idea.int/vt/countryview.cfm?id=105 Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [iii] â€Å"His (Modi’s) assessment is that half of the 18 to 24 year-olds across the country are not registered or familiar with ways to enroll themselves even though the Election Commission has advertised the process. An estimate done by his key aides show the number of such unregistered voters could be as high as 1.5 lakh in each Lok Sabha constituency. Even the older unregistered could be as high as 60,000 voters.† Hindustan Times, Modi eyes young voters to clinch victory in 2014 polls, http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Modi-eyes-young-voters-to-clinch-victory-in-2014-polls/Article1-1125680.aspx, (September 22, 2013) Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [iv] Co.Design, Infographic of the Day: Twitter Tracks the Entire Countrys Mood, http://www.fastcodesign.com/1661966/infographic-of-the-day-twitter-tracks-the-entire-countrys-mood Accessed on 27th February’14, 10 PM [v] Asian Barometer is an applied research program on public opinion on political values, democracy and governance across the region and represents a careful and systematic comparative survey of attitudes and values toward politics, power, reform and democracy. [vi] Vilnius mayor Arturas Zuokas insists that the Happiness Barometer is a â€Å"great tool for politicians,† pointing out that: â€Å"If we take a decision and see a sharp fall in the mood of the city, then we know we have done something horribly wrong.† [vii] SPIDER is a project which aims to create an enabling environment for dialogue on elections, democracy and good governance through capacity building on access to information and ICT skills. [viii] HeyCrowd is an entirely mobile opinion-sharing platform. [ix] GovTogether is a network to connect voters to politicians. [x] VoteIQ allows users to get political news/information, rate politicians, watchdog politicians and the media. [xi] Actly enables users to enter a politicians Twitter handle and briefly tweet an idea and hook a politician to a petition. References Accessed on 28th February, 2 PM http://www.taoofdemocracy.com/sample.html

The Theme of Madness Characterized by Ophelia and Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare :: Papers Hamlet Shakespeare Essays

The Theme of Madness Characterized by Ophelia and Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare In Hamlet, Shakespeare incorporates a theme of madness with two characters: one truly mad, and one only acting mad to serve a motive. The madness of Hamlet is frequently disputed. This paper argues that the contrapuntal character in the play, namely Ophelia, acts as a balancing argument to Hamlet's madness or sanity. Ophelia's breakdown and Hamlet's "north-north-west" brand of insanity argue for Hamlet having a method to his seeming insanity. The play offers a character on each side of sanity. While Shakespeare does not directly put Ophelia's insanity, or breakdown, against Hamlet's own madness, there is indeed a clear definitiveness in Ophelia's condition and a clear uncertainty in Hamlet's madness. Obviously, Hamlet's character offers more evidence, while Ophelia's breakdown is quick, but more conclusive in its precision. Shakespeare offers clear evidence pointing to Hamlet's sanity beginning with the first scene of the play. Hamlet begins with guards whose main importance in the play is to give credibility to the ghost. If Hamlet were to see his father's ghost in private, the argument for his madness would greatly improve. Yet, not one, but three men together witness the ghost before even thinking to notify Hamlet. As Hamlet says, "O that this too too sullied flesh would melt†¦" we can see that he is depressed and appalled, but it does not mean he is insane. As Horatio says, being the only one of the guards to play a significant role in the rest of the play, "Before my God, I might not this believe/ Without the sensible and true avouch/ Of mine own eyes." Horatio, who appears frequently throughout the play, acts as an unquestionably sane alibi to Hamlet again when framing the King with his reaction to the play. That Hamlet speaks to the ghost alone detracts somewhat from its credibility, but all the men were witness to the ghost demanding they speak alone. Horatio offers an insightful warning, "What if it tempts you toward the flood, my lord, Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea, And there assume some other horrible form. Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason, And draw you into madness? Think of it." Horatio's comment may be where Hamlet gets the idea to use a plea of insanity to work out his plan.

Walmart 2012

Introduction Walmart has more than 10,020 retail units which is spread across 28 countries and operates under 60 banners. It sells both by brick and mortar (traditional stores) and Brick and click (e-commerce) formats. The average size of each Walmart store is more than a 1, 00,000 (1lac) square feet. Its store operations are categorized into following. 1. Walmart discount stores 2. Walmart super centers 3. Walmart neighborhood markets Walmart express stores Marketing Mix: Product and branding strategies (appropriate service strategy if the company has a consumer orientation).Walmart is a multinational retailer; in short it has every product or a brand which a person could see in his day to day life. The broad range of product categories include movies, crafts, gifts, college essentials, Electronic items, home appliance, jewellery, photo centre,   toys, outdoor living, funeral, grocery, video games etc Pricing strategies. Walmart business model doesn’t include manufacturing of any product; it procures products across the globe in large quantities in order to enjoy benefits of economies of scale. This makes price of Walmart to offer products at 15% lower price than other retailers.Walmart uses different pricing concepts to get focus of the customers and compel a purchasing behaviour through discount strategies. Sam Walton coined the term â€Å"Always lows prices† and â€Å"Everyday low prices†; according to this each product is offered at different discount prices based on the time and demand of the hour. The consumer electronics are offered at a very low price compared to other retailers. Supply chain strategies (how they place the product in the market). Walmart has been able to assume market leadership position primarily due to its efficient integration of suppliers, manufacturing, warehousing, and distribution to stores.Its supply chain strategy has four key components: vendor partnerships, cross docking and distribution management, te chnology, and integration. Walmart’s supply chain begins with strategic sourcing to find products at the best price from suppliers who are in a position to ensure they can meet demand. Walmart establishes strategic partnerships with most of their vendors, offering them the potential for long-term and high volume purchases in exchange for the lowest possible prices. Suppliers then ship product to Walmart’s distribution centers where the product is cross docked and then delivered to Walmart stores.Cross docking, distribution management, and transportation management keep inventory and transportation costs down, reducing transportation time and eliminating inefficiencies. Technology plays a key role in Walmart’s supply chain, serving as the foundation of their supply chain. Walmart has the largest information technology infrastructure of any private company in the world. Its state-of-the-art technology and network design allow Walmart to accurately forecast demand, track and predict inventory levels, create highly efficient transportation routes, and manage customer relationships and service response logistics.Wal-Mart’s supply chain management strategy has provided the company with several sustainable competitive advantages, including lower product costs, reduced inventory carrying costs, improved in-store variety and selection, and highly competitive pricing for the consumer. This strategy has helped Walmart become a dominant force in a competitive global market. As technology evolves, Walmart continues to focus on innovative processes and systems to improve its supply chain and achieve greater efficiency. Integrated marketing communications.Walmart's Integrated marketing communication is their   approach to achieving the objectives of a Marketing campaign , through a well coordinated use of different promotional methods that are intended to reinforce each other. Integrated marketing includes discipline communications advertising, public relations personal selling   and sales promotion. These methods help the corporation bring a better understanding to the consumer   this way they we will know which products best fits the consumers needs. Walmart usually does this through the tv commercials,online website,and weekly circular.Their tv commercials usually show items that are popular and are at a cheaper price then their competition this helps them to get better sales. http://stylesmar100-blog. blogspot. com/2011/11/chap-16-integrated-marketing. html Promotional strategy. Walmart has its own in-store promotional activities which includes sales promotions through product bundling and its pricing strategies. The online store of Walmart earns major revenues from through customers placing online gifts. The pricing strategies adopted by Walmart like â€Å"Everyday low prices†, â€Å"value of the day† increases the sales turnover.The online store uses strategies to pull customer by attractive slogans like ‘Grab it before it’s done’ which pushes customer to take a purchase decision immediately before the deals get expired. The company's presence in domestic and international markets. Walmart operates stores in 27 countries under 69 different banners. Learn more below about our store formats around the world. Walmart began building Supercenters in 1988 – a decision that led us to become the nation’s largest grocer. Today, there are more than 3,000 Supercenters in the U. S. Each store is about 182,000 square feet and employs bout 300 associates. Today, we operate more than 600 discount stores. There are now about 200 Neighborhood Markets in the U. S. The company's vision and execution of strategy that set its direction. Wal-Mart's advertised mission statement and its advertising slogan are the same: â€Å"We save people money so they can live better. † â€Å"If we work together, we’ll lower the cost of living for everyone†¦weâ €™ll give the world an opportunity to see what it’s like to save and have a better life. † The company's plans for growing and servicing its customer base.In order to fulfill its mission, Wal-Mart has developed some unique, policies, principles, rules, processes and procedures, the sum total of which form the Wal-Mart stores corporate culture: 4. Open Door Policy – Managers' doors are open to employees at all levels 5. Sundown Rule – Answering employee, customer, and supplier questions on the same day the questions are received 6. Grass Roots Process – Capturing suggestions and ideas from the sales floor and front lines 7. 3 Basic Beliefs & Values – Respect for the Individual, Service to our Customers, Striving for Excellence 8. 0-Foot Rule – Making eye contact, greeting, and offering help to customers who come within 10 feet 9. Servant Leadership – Leaders are in service to their team Wal-Mart Cheer – An actual struc tured chant that was created by founder Sam Walton to lift morale every morning http://www. usanfranonline. com/wal-mart-successful-supply-chain-management/ http://www. marketing91. com/marketing-mix-walmart/ http://retailindustry. about. com/od/retailbestpractices/ig/Company-Mission-Statements/Wal-Mart-Mission-Statement. htm

Problem Solving Understanding And Analyzing Math Word...

Education has evolved in so many ways. As a teacher I have often wondered about my current problem solving skills in relation to my students and how these skills develop through growth. Does problem solving develop as a result of maturation or development based on ages? Problem solving is an aspect of cognitive development, therefore one can assume it develops as children develop. It is evident that teachers and other adults may think of problem solving in mathematics when they hear the words problem solving. I was one of these individuals. I thought of problem solving as understanding and analyzing math word problems, however, it entails so much more. Having well developed problem solving skills or the lack of these skills can impact all areas of life, from in the work place, within yourself, or in a math class. In order to fully understand the development of problem solving skills in adults, researchers have completed several studies on the young children and cognitive deve lopment affects their problems solving ability. The research in this paper seeks to understand what problem solving is, how problem solving skills are developed, and the diseases or disorders that may affect problem solving. What is Problem Solving? Problem solving is a mental process which means it is a part of cognitive development. Problem solving is defined as being the process in which an individual solves a complex problem, these problems can occur in different areas of life and are notShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Problem Solving Interventions Essay965 Words   |  4 Pages Problem-Solving Interventions BGP2 Task 1 Bridget Clark September 4, 2016 A Written Project Presented to the Faculty of the Teachers College of Western Governors University â€Æ' Table of Contents Chapter 1: Topic and Problem †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Problem Statement 4 Purpose of the Study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Research Questions and Hypothesis 6 Limitations of the Study 6 Chapter 2: Literature Review 7 Reading Comprehension 7 Vocabulary Instruction 9 Graphic Organizers PlansRead MoreProblem Solving Process And The Reasonableness Of The Solution955 Words   |  4 PagesTEKS:6.1.B use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solution; Content Objective(s): -The student will become familiar with the mechanism of the water cycle. -The student will be able to ask question about the mechanism of the water cycle. -The student will be able to evaluate, and analyze the given informationRead MoreBasic Guiding Principles From California Common Core State Standards For Mathematics Essay1739 Words   |  7 PagesMathematics (CA CCSSM) and describe in your own words the importance of these principles - Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them- The importance of this principle is that students must be able to deeply understand a problem by themselves this ensure that the student can analyze the problem and plan on how the will solve it. Reason abstractly and quantitatively- It’s important that students are able to pause during solving the problem and continue to analyze, reflect and strategizeRead MoreMath Problems Into Real World Scenarios Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pages1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them- The importance of this principle is that students must be able to deeply understand a problem by themselves this ensure that the student can analyze the problem and plan on how the will solve it. 2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively- It’s important that students are able to pause during solving the problem and continue to analyze, reflect and strategize for the solution as needed. 3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoningRead MoreThe Effect Of Think Alouds On Mathematical Reasoning1684 Words   |  7 Pagessense-making with mathematical concepts and making reasonable judgements, which may serve to support inquiry and exploration. From group collaboration to individual work, students were prompted to vocalize their thinking and understanding in various settings in an attempt to gauge understanding and learning. Thinking aloud promotes communication, an integral part of a successful mathematics classroom. Communication is an important component of the Alberta Programs of Studies for Mathematics (Alberta EducationRead MoreProblems Faced By Algebra And The State Test1396 Words   |  6 PagesWord Problems In Coordinate Algebra Problem Statement In the last two decades, word problems in algebra have been the subject of debates among educators across the country. To cope with this issue, many states including Georgia turned to the Common Core Curriculum, which emphases on critical thinking rather than just simple calculation. One standard in coordinate algebra indicates that high school freshmen to be able to: â€Å"Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems†Read MoreInterpersonal Communication Skills And The Math Class972 Words   |  4 Pages Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) observed in the math class. One of the first examples where I noticed BICS taking place was at the beginning of class time. As the students set up their desks and chalk boards, they were all loudly conversy about whatever they deemed fit. This is considered a BICS because the students were interpersonally conversing within the classroom about subjects related and unrelated to the math class w ith one another. For example, This BICS example was cognitivelyRead MoreMathematics Instruction, Strategies For Solving Basic Operations Are Strong And Systemic Essay1907 Words   |  8 Pagesinstruction, strategies for solving basic operations are strong and systemic. However, students in the intermediate grades struggle with finding and using reliable strategies for solving word problems. The complexity of language that’s used in a mathematical context makes it difficult for students to have a confident approach. Therefore, research is being conducted on how reading comprehension can be dove-tailed with word-problem-solving in an elementary classroom. Research Problem A majority of currentRead MoreI Value Most As An Educator881 Words   |  4 Pagesintegrating all possible resources to engage, not to entertain, students in achieving a substantial learning environment that is vital for student success. As a math teacher it is always my goal to instill critical and analytical thinking skills which are vital and essential for a future citizen that help in visualizing and solving complex problems. As a 21st century teacher, I firmly perceive that students differ in how they learn and how they prefer to learn. Additionally, I recognize that technologyRead MoreStudent Perceptions of the Flipped Classroom in Calculus Course1339 Words   |  5 PagesCalculus I is the first university mathematics class many of our students have to take, our goal is to teach them not only math content but also train them to become independent and skilled problem solvers in those problems that require the techniques and concepts of calculus. The idea of inverted classroom is that the students learn best when they are actively working on a task rather than passively listening to the lecture. This approach to doing class is sometimes called the flipped classroom