Source Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Source Evaluation - Essay Example He has previously served the American Society for the History of Rhetoric (ASHR) in the capacity of the president. He got his PhD in Communication Studies in 2000, from the Northwestern University. This is on top of the 1997 MA in Communication Studies, from the Northwestern University. Presently, he is an Associate Professor who teaches classical rhetoric and rhetorical stylistics. The poetry work was published in 2011 in a journal referred to as Rhetorica: A journal of the History of rhetoric. The journal contains literature and related academic articles. The thesis explained by the source illustrates a comparison of two literary styles, as applicable to the Early Greek literature and also the modern literary context. Poetry is basically distinguished from the aspects of prose through the verse arrangement (Richard 304). Another distinguishing feature according to Richard is that, â€Å"prose is cast in sentences, poetry in lines† (304). Prose syntax is determined through meaning, and poetry syntax is determined by the visual characteristics of the poem. Before the nineteenth century, the concept of poetry was adequately understood as a literary aspect arranged in metrical lines. During this period, the preferred meaning of poetry entailed any literary subject that has rhythm and verses. This was due to the high influence of Aristotle. Poetry during this period was also viewed as a technical verse designation, instead of the normal illustration of rhetorical and fictive artwork (Richard 315). The source illustrates adequate examples in the literary areas of poetry and prose. The author explains that poetry is one of the earliest pre-date works on literacy. Earlier cases of poetry were composed and sustained through the oral tradition processes. Hence, poetry is the earliest category of literature. On the contrary, prose is a language category that applies natural speech and also the concept of ordinary

Investigation of Human Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Investigation of Human Disease - Essay Example Without vitamin K, the levels of these clotting factors will be significantly decreased leading to bleeding tendencies. Liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, and atrophy all lead to failure of liver to secrete bile which is necessary for fat metabolism and its absorption together with vitamin K therefore, decreasing absorption of vitamin K as well. Laboratory results are prolonged bleeding time, PT and prolonged to normal PTT, normal platelet count, decreased levels of coagulation factors except VIII, decreased thrombin time and fibrinogen levels (Guyton & Hall, 2008). Warfarin (Coumadin), an oral anticoagulant functions by antagonizing vitamin K through the enzyme epoxide reductase which blocks vitamin K to be reduced in its active form. Thus the Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors as well as the anticoagulant proteins C and S which are produced in the liver are rendered inactive. About 97% of warfarin is tightly bound to plasma protein primarily albumin. Toxicity of the dru g is dose dependent in which single intake of 10-20 mg only leads to mild intoxication. Meanwhile, chronic intake of small quantities of even 2-5 mg daily can result to considerable anticoagulation effects particularly with ingestion of interacting drugs. Likewise, superwarfarins are long acting and are utilized primarily as rodenticides can be highly potent resulting to extended adverse effects with dose as little as 1 mg. Laboratory findings are prolonged bleeding time and PT and decreased coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. The main consequence of warfarin or superwarfarin poisoning is bleeding (Olson, n.d.). VKOR (Vitamin K epoxide reductuse) can indicate dosages of warfarin and is encoded by the gene VKORC1. Vitamin K is fat-soluble and is needed as cofactor for the carboxylation of ?-carbon of the glutamic acid residues of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors namely II, VII, IX, and X. The process is a vital stage for calcium and phospholipid to bind with these protein s. Epoxide reductase and ?-glutamylcarboxylase are important enzymes for metabolism and renewal of vitamin K. Genetic mutations involving these enzymes lead to their defective functioning eventually decreasing also the function of the vitamin-K dependent clotting factors. Laboratory findings are prolonged PT aPTT, and bleeding time, and decreased factors II, VII, IX, and X. Clinical manifestations of the disorder are characterized by hemorrhages ranging from mild to severe that may be apparent at birth. Medical interventions include replacement therapy with fresh frozen plasma or PCCs (Fauci, A., et al., 2008). Patient 2: Laboratory results: Marginal low thrombin time Diagnosis: Factor V Leiden Factor V Leiden mutation is present in about up to 15% of Caucasians. Genetic mutation of glutamine to arginine substitution at 506 position results to a factor V that is resistant to cleavage by protein C. Consequently, a significant antithrombotic counter-regulatory mechanism is lost result ing to a hypercoagulable state which may predispose a patient to develop thrombus formation (Kumar, et al., 2010). APC acts to inactivate factors Va and VIIIa via activation of thrombomodulin by thrombin. Protein C attaches with thrombomodulin producing then APC. Activated protein C also attaches with protein S on surface membranes of platelets. With this, APC can now lyse activated factors V and VIII. But with factor V Leiden, factor V